Top Advice on How to Write a Personal Essay about Yourself

Top Advice on How to Write a Personal Essay about Yourself The Characteristics of How to Write a Personal Essay about Yourself Concentrate on the requirements of university If you're writing a paper about yourself as a component of your admission, describe your individual abilities and university goals equally. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Likewise lots of students feel as though they need to write about a big life event or their most impressive achievement. A student might wind up with the sentence resulting in the next point, but don't enter the information. Today's tips concentrate on the personal essay. No matter your approach, there are a number of tips everyone may benefit from. You might discover a lot of tips online about how to compose a self-introduction essay, but here are a few tips that you might discover useful. For some of them you will require help, while others it's possible to write all on your own. It is preferable to acquire professional writing assistance from the corresponding support. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the bulk of our clients require is essay writing. You could also get in touch with your writer to supply some added recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. There are many reasons why you ought to prefer our services. How to Write a Personal Essay about Yourself - the Conspiracy Next, you'll want to organize your new ideas into a form that could be written. The structure of private statement is a lot simpler. If you're applying to a university, it is almost always best to use a skilled and academic tone throughout the letter. Despite the fact that you won't get a grade on your private statement, correct grammar, logical sentence structure and error-free spelling can help you stand out as a polished applicant. Whatever They Told You About How to Write a Personal Essay about Yourself Is Dead Wrong.. .And Here's Why If you wish to write an excellent non-fictional essay, it should be chock-full of vivid information and tricks images and senses. You may write the introduction after you've written everything else to be certain that it frames the remainder of your essay properly. Now that you've drafted and you've got a huge picture of the piece, return and find out the image which should lead. The most important question of all students who must compose a reflective or private essay is whether it's possible to produce such kind of academic paper without sounding too egotistical. Be aware that personal should make an effort to avoid repeating key words. If you attempt to take on an extremely extensive subject, you will end up with a lot of general statements and boring lists of your accomplishments. You ought to pick the subject of your essay by paying attention to the form of reader and your major targets. Next, you are going to determine the way to make an intriguing essay that shows off your distinctive perspective and write numerous drafts to be able to hone your structure and language. If you don't have an idea what an essay depicting your person should include, you might get inspired by somebody else. Consider how you're likely to streamline details to get to the true center of the story you need to tell, and to produce the narrative clearer for individuals who weren't there to observe the action happen. As an alternative to using a conventional thesis statement you can set forth a societal observation that ties into first subject of your essay. For this reason, you won't need to deal with being outdoors much if that's not something which you need to do everyday. It's true, you're likely to get the urge to want to send off your draft straightaway, but you haveto dig in. Perhaps you feel more comfortable sitting down and writing the entire draft from beginning to finish in 1 go. It's not sufficient to just understand what you would like to write about you should also have a feeling of how you're likely to write about doing it.

Hello Professor Essay - 757 Words

Prepare a critical analysis of a quantitative study focusing on protection of human participants, data collection, data analysis, problem statement, and interpretation of findings. Each study analysis will be 750-1,000 words and submitted in one document. Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is not required. Submit the assignment along with an electronic version of the article used for the analysis. If an electronic version is not available, submit a clean unmarked copy of the article. Using this article Article- Chaney, D., Coates, V., Shevlin, M., Carson, D., McDougall, A., amp; Long, A. (2012). Diabetes education: what do adolescents want?. Journal Of Clinical†¦show more content†¦Conclusion. Participants favored a structured diabetes education program that was short in duration, practical in nature, positive in outlook and relevant to daily life. Relevance to clinical practice. Programs should address the specific needs of adolescents, be delivered in a practical manner and be realistic for everyday use. Guidelines Research Critique, Part 2 To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of the research study conducted, respond to each of the questions listed under the headings below. Do not answer the questions with a yes or no; rather, provide a rationale or include examples or content from the study to address the questions. CRITICAL APPRAISAL GUIDELINES: QUANTITATIVE STUDY Protection of Human Participants * Identify the benefits and risks of participation addressed by the authors. Were there benefits or risks the authors do not identify? * Was informed consent obtained from the subjects or participants? * Did it seem that the subjects participated voluntarily in the study? * Was institutional review board approval obtained from the agency in which the study was conducted? Data Collection * Are the major variables (independent and dependent variables) identified and defined? What were these variables? * How were data collected in this study? * What rationale did the author provide for using this data collection method? *Show MoreRelatedLanguage : The Method Of Human Communication848 Words   |  4 Pagesprinciples. The way I would email my professor is probably the exact opposite of how I would text my best friend Margaret. There are many different language styles that we choose to communicate with everyday whether we realize it or not. For example, when I walk into my parents home I don’t say â€Å"Yo, what’s up?† to my parents. I would most likely greet them in a more formal, yet still laid back way such as: â€Å"Hey mom and dad, how has your day been?† or â€Å"Hello mom and dad, what have you guys beenRead MoreThe Video : An Overview Of Unspoken Expectations And Professional Standards Of Behavior850 Words   |  4 Pagesbeyond what’s asked of me. However, in order to improve my professionalism, I have to be ambitious and proactive in taking on new tasks. 4. From: Sent: Saturday, January 18, 2014 3:39 PM To: Duff, Suzanne M Subject: Internship site Hello professor Duff, I was wondering if I could complete my internship on the floor that I work on. This would be the same internship site as last semester. I have contacted case managers in other departments such as the Bariatric Center, but have yet to hearRead MoreAnalysis Of Wall E 1675 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumerism. Professor Humphreys presented three critiques and four interventions, about the film so that we could analyze it with theories learned in class. She also plays the devil s advocate to argue that capitalism has destroyed not only the planet, but also humankind, specifically, Americans (Argument Analysis). She proposes that the film is not about the revolution or change that it pretends to be, by using Queer theory and post-structuralism. The first critique presented by Professor HumphreysRead MoreHow Technology Has Influenced Our Life Over The Years1371 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment of the first humanoid. By dictionary definition, a humanoid is having an appearance or character resembling that of a human. A humanoid is also an artificial creation of human by way of robotics. The creator of the first humanoid is Professor Dr. Hiroshi Ishiguro. As a Japanese scientist and inventor, Dr.Ishiguro created humanoids that resemble human features closely. His motive to create this robot was to recreate what we are as humans.Steven Bancarz writer at Spirit, Science and Metaphysics†Read MoreTuesdays With Morrie Literary Analysis793 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The fact is, you are going to die eventually.† This quote was said by Morrie in the book Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom is biography story about love between Mitch and his college professor, Morrie. This true story shows compassion and wisdom of a ma n who only had good in his heart but also who knew how to live his life. It is also an elegantly simple story about a writer getting a second chance to discover life through the death of a friend. In Tuesdays with Morrie, ALS was a devastating diseaseRead MoreNone807 Words   |  4 Pagesdays to file. Word Count: 374 Reference Snell, S., amp; Bohlander, G. (2013). Chapter 3: Equal Employment Opportunity and Human Resources Management. In  Managing human resources  (16th ed.). Mason, Ohio: South-Wester Post 2 Hello Ildanikie, Your explanation of the process is well written but I believe that you are missing key points. Some key points you are missing are that Ms. Conrad has 180 days to file after the day of the alleged occurrence. She also has the optionRead MoreWhat Do You Need It For?870 Words   |  4 PagesOn a chilly morning, a Professor of Physics entered a university. Suddenly, a 10-year-old boy emerged on his way to the entrance. It s a bit extraordinary to meet such a person at this time and place , he though to himself. He stopped and looked at the boy with curiosity. Hello, sorry to bother you Sir, but is it possible to get a chunk of dry ice here? the boy asked. The Professor stood still and looked bewildered. He asked, Dry Ice? Yes, you know, about - 80 degrees Celsius, solid carbonRead MoreThe Night Of The Tower Of Beacon Academy Essay816 Words   |  4 Pagesmaze-like building to locate his destination. Standing outside the front door to his uncle’s office, Ash took a deep breath and smiled as he was about to knock on the door until he heard a female voice coming from the other side of the door. Professor, why are we here? He paused briefly as he leaned his ear close to the door, listening in on the private conversation. What did Yang do this time? The second voice belonged to another female. Hey! I didn’t do anything wrong†¦.yet. The next voiceRead MoreMy Writing Is Easy Isn t Doing It Right985 Words   |  4 PagesAuthor and professor of writing, Amy Joy stated â€Å"Anyone who says writing is easy isn t doing it right† Learning what I have about the writing process over this past semester, I can now confidently say that Amy Joy is absolutely correct! Writing has never been my strong point but taking on the challenge to turn that around has been extremely rewarding. My lack of confidence in my writing skills would always come across in my assignments. It was clear that I needed guidance with grammar, sentenceRead MoreOn The Back Of The Unicorn891 Words   |  4 Pagesat Sato and marched out of the room. â€Å"Thank you father,† Akemi said. â€Å"It means much to me to have your support.† Sato nodded, but he did not look pleased by her decision to go back to Harmony and Akemi could not fault him for it. Raphael said, â€Å"Professor Russell is correct, the snorpians must be dealt will as soon as possible, at the pace they re reproducing and assuming they can lay their hands on enough females, in two generations there will be well over a million of them.† Sato said, â€Å"I m going

Long Term Macroeconomic Changes Of The Great free essay sample

Depression Essay, Research Paper The mid-twentiess were a clip of economic prosperity and hope for North America and some parts of Europe. Countries began to reconstruct themselves physically and financially after the war, and as war bonds began to maturate, new capital began to stream into the pockets of the person. Consumption in both the industrial and private sectors began to make an economic roar and production degrees soared good above full employment capacity. This inflow of money and prosperity made investing in companies a really moneymaking concern venture because net income borders and stocks dividends were doing people all over the universe a little luck. Agents began to affect any individual who had excess money to pass in the universe of stocks and bonds, and international trade markets began to develop and boom. Money was an abundant, unstable entity, and economic systems were booming. During this decennary, corporations were given the capital to spread out. We will write a custom essay sample on Long Term Macroeconomic Changes Of The Great or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the sum of money that had been invested and continued to be invested in these houses, was far greater than the sum that could be spent on efficient production and development. This disparity led to the overinflation of stock monetary values, a province where the value of the stocks far outweighed the value of the company. This was a really unsafe degree to keep because if people realized that their stocks could merely travel down in monetary value, they would sell at the higher monetary value degrees and would endanger the length of service of these houses. In add-on, Bankss besides used stocks as collateral for loans, taking the face value of the stocks as a solid plus. If the market were to quickly and spontaneously deflate, non merely would single debitors lose their ability to refund loans, but the Bankss would lose their stableness because the collateral held on these loans would go worthless. In 1929 the worst instance scenario happened and the universe broad stock market fell into a province of pandemonium. In the proceeding old ages Bankss fell, corporations crumbled and concerns cut back on all facets of production. The economic system was come ining a decennary of recession that was subsequently called The Great Depression, and its reverberations would be felt across the full universe. The Great Depression is frequently characterized by the microeconomic variables involved, as these tend to be more dramatic narratives. Implanted in the heads of work forces and the Hagiographas of history are narratives of personal battle and adversity, where persons fought for societal stableness caused by the distressing conditions forced upon the multitudes. However, it is the long term alterations in macroeconomic policy, alterations that grade this decennary in history as one of the most progressive periods in Europe # 8217 ; s economic history, that lay the foundations for future coevalss of capitalists to boom. By covering with the out-of-date policies of individualistic economic sciences and the inquiry of the gilded criterion, the economic world powers of Europe, Britain, Germany and France, hammer the new criterion for European economic sciences after the Great Depression. Individualistic economic sciences were based on the principal that the economic system of a state should be left to run by itself without any authorities intervention. Work force like Adam Smith and J.S. Mill wrote expressed essays recommending free endeavor and unrestricted capitalist economy. This method of economic behavior worked good until the private sector was hit with the sudden and drastic oncoming of the depression. The depression took away the assurance of purchasers all over the universe and dried-up ingestion statistics, go forthing single houses really few options about how to manage the monetary value degree, rewards and unemployment. Leading finally to a downswing in aggregative production, authoritiess were forced to step in in concern personal businesss to rush recovery along, and alterations in authorities policy had to be made if the state was to last. The lone jobs with policy alterations were that authoritiess were non certain which policies they should implemen t, and in the terminal each state took a different stance to this inquiry based on their single economic standings in the universe. Closely tied to the economic standings of these states was the inquiry of what currency criterion should be used. The gold criterion which was originally set up anterior to the first World War to compare all the major economic states # 8217 ; currencies into a common value, was going weakened by changeless fluctuations of single currencies. Since each state is independent in and of itself, the rates of rising prices and the rates of production were non ever unvarying across the states. If a state was to maintain with the criterion, major controls would hold to be implemented within a state to maintain their economic system comfortable. After World War I, Britain was the strongest economic voice in Europe, holding per capita income definitively higher than France # 8217 ; s or Germany # 8217 ; s.1 Having this strong economic base to work from, Britain was able to cover with the impacts of the gilded criterion on their economic system much better than other European states. From, the start Britain knew their currency was overvalued harmonizing to the gilded criterion and they set about to instantly rectify this job. After a few failed efforts at working within the system, Britain left the gilded criterion behind in 1931, devaluating its currency by about one-third2 of its original value. Inflation did occur after the alteration, nevertheless the rate of costs did non increase to the terrible extent other provinces were forced to digest. In response to earlier demands and force per unit areas to travel off from the individualistic system of economic sciences, a British citizen by the name of John Keynes began to develop what would be the new economic policy for non merely Britain, but the United States every bit good. His theory stressed the importance of authorities outgos and revenue enhancement, as he felt they were related to the variables of employment, rewards and the monetary value degree. In his publication General Theory, Keynes pointed out that the depression badly limited the ability of single houses to rectify any production jobs they were holding by themselves.3 The reduced demand for goods caused by rising prices was normally followed by houses take downing the pri Ces of their goods in efforts to increase demand. This lowering of monetary values, nevertheless, would coerce a house to take down rewards or cut back on employment Numberss to salvage on cost of production. With lowered monetary values and lower rewards, it was found that the existent income, or the ratio of costs to an income, remained for the better portion unchanged and ingestion figures did non lift. This is where Keynes suggests that the authorities alteration its disbursement to back up higher monetary values and rising prices. He figured that if the monetary values were encouraged to lift, leting the income of the workers to stay the same, the value of existent rewards would diminish, intending that houses could raise employment and therefore production.4 With renewed production capacity and higher employment rates, the ingestion statistics could lift one time once more and get down to reconstruct life to the economic system. The German economic reaction to the Great Depression was drastically different than that of Britain since they did non see the economic roar that the remainder of the universe had during the early mid-twentiess. After the first World War, Germany was forced to do big reparation payments to France, believed by some economic historiographers to be excessively punitory and opressive.5 Because of this economic strain the state suffered from what is known as hyperinflation, where the values of the German grade depreciated to the point where it became valueless if the gilded criterion was to be maintained. Trade, both nationally and internationally land to a arrest as the fiscal system collapsed. A new currency was introduced in replace of the old, and Germany carried onward in a form of economic policies that supported an economic deflation as a last resort defensive economic maneuver. Despite foreign loans Germany # 8217 ; s economic system was crippled and there was nil the authorities could make to retrieve from this shock.6 With lifting unemployment and with the oncoming of an even greater depression in the early 1930 # 8217 ; s, Germany # 8217 ; s chances for economic recovery were black. However, when Adolf Hitler was elected to office and subsequently set himself up as a military dictator, he attempted to turn Germany # 8217 ; s crumpling economic system around utilizing an intensive occupation creative activity scheme. Under this plan Hitler upgraded his military power and the great Numberss of immature work forces inducted into the military lowered the idle rate in Germany. However, since the province lacked the capital to keep this degree of employment on its ain, Hitler initiated the 2nd stage of his quest to coerce the recovery of the German economic system, the conquest phase.7 He struck the extremely industrialised parts of Czechoslovakia foremost and incorporated their resources to those of Germany. The wars continued and as district after district was captured, the economic adversities of Germany were passed along to these conquered peoples. Production and employment dramatically increased in the German fatherlands, and the economic system started to re-stabilize itself. The last of the three major economic entities in Europe, France, was the slowest to react to the force per unit areas of the gilded criterion. By puting the gilded criterion value of the Franc to its prewar values cognizing that it was merely valued at one-fifth8 the sum, the Gallic economic experts were taking a big hazard. Because France did see important upturns in 1926 and 1928, their economic system was sheltered through the first marks of the depression in the early mid-thirtiess. This prosperity combined with increasing authorities control over the economic system, led France to keep on to their overvalued currency until 1936 when force per unit areas to alter became excessively great. Since France held its currency value for such a long period of clip, Gallic goods became comparatively expensive when compared to other goods on the universe market. In order to stay competitory in the universe market the Gallic adopted a policy of deflation whereby the authorities would restrict enlargement or development of new houses, every bit good as puting rigorous bounds on production. This policy would non increase universe trade by much, but would keep the incomes of local houses by raising and prolonging internal monetary values as well.9 Increased duties were besides implemented to raise the monetary value of imports and increase the ingestion of domestic goods. In the long tally, these policies did non convey about prosperity and the effects of the depression caught up to France. They were forced to devaluate the Franc and go forth the gold criterion behind. Since France had already gained experience in holding a authorities controlled economic system, their transition to a new long term economic policy was already midway completed. They ceased their deflationary tactics and began to spread out production capacity one time once more. France did non desire to follow a system like that of Britain where shortage disbursement was encouraged to rush economic recovery, so they took a parallel route to recovery.10 The Gallic authorities raised revenue enhancements and shifted the load of economic recovery onto the houses that they had protected for the last decennary. Unlike Britain or Germany, whose private sector could non draw out of the downward spiral, the Gallic companies managed to recover separately. In decision, the outstanding long term macroeconomics consequence of the Great Depression was the flight from a individualistic system of economic sciences. While each state responded otherwise to the shockwaves of the economic downswing, the thought that the authorities sought increased control over the economic system was unvarying. The British began to develop an economic system that turned out to be the cardinal foundation of modern economic theory based on action reaction equations. The Germans, while they were finally defeated and forced to develop different systems, experienced a militaristic position of the economic system where efficiency and production were stressed. The Gallic rounded off the group by making an environment that promoted the length of service of the house thorough the use of its authorities financial policy. In the terminal, had the drawn-out depression non occurred, it is difficult to state if we would hold had a demand to develop these policies that are s till with us in merely about every state in the universe today. It is, nevertheless, definite that the recession forced these alterations to happen.

Research Proposal on Credit Risk Management Essay Example

Research Proposal on Credit Risk Management Essay Credit risk is the natural risk for every lender and borrower and is based on the fact that a borrower will not be able to return the borrowed money or credit. There are many factors which influence risk management and all of them have different background. Evidently, most of the credits are taken by the individuals who want to start their own business, so there is a risk that the future business will not be a successful one and will bankrupt very soon and the borrower will not have the opportunity to return the money at all. There are also cases when the borrower simply does not want to return money, but it is a different problem which touches upon crime and punishment. When the borrower can not pay the money because of the default or bankrupting, the lender has to think about the methods which can help him return the money back. Credit risk has become an important problem, which attracts much attention, no wonder every lender wants to be on the safe side and receive of the money in case of the unpredictable situation with the borrower. There are many companies which play the role of mediators in the relations of lenders and borrowers. They are called factoring companies which guarantee that the borrower pays the whole sum of the credit. Generally, factoring companies guarantee that they would return 90% of the whole sum of payment. There is also another type credit risk management which is connected with insurance. A lender can insure the sum of the money and in case of failure an insurance company pays the whole sum of the money. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Credit Risk Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Credit Risk Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Credit Risk Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The topic of credit risk management can be called a serious one, because the modern world exists due to credits of different kind and it is natural that the lenders of the credits want to receive their money in case of an unpredictable situation. When a student has decided to research the topic of credit risk management deeply and prepare a research paper on it, he should devote much time to learn about the problem more and complete a successful research proposal which can persuade the professor in the success of the student’s choice. One is expected to write a detailed successful paper with the logical structure, all the required sections and wise conclusions. The process of research paper writing is a complicated one and students need help of an expert in order to organize their papers correctly. A free example research proposal on credit risk management in banks can become helpful for every student who is in need of writing assistance. It is possible to learn to format and build the structure of the paper correctly just having read a free sample research proposal on credit risk management in the web. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Credit Risk Management topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

A Study of Cinematography Techniques in Gallipoli essays

A Study of Cinematography Techniques in Gallipoli essays In the making of any good film, the use of different cinematographic techniques plays an essential role in grasping the viewers interest in the film. Any directors main goal is to keep to viewer interested throughout the whole story, and to really encourage the meaning behind the story. Filmmakers, in order to interact meaning, to captivate, and to generate a specific psychological, or emotional response in an audience, or viewer uses cinematographic techniques. I will argue that in the film Gallipoli, through the use of different cinematographic techniques, the character Archie loses his innocence through the bonds of friendship. The first time that we see the use of a cinematographic technique is when Archie and Frank meet each other for the first time at the championship sprinting race, for the 100-yard dash. The race starts, and after a little bit of sprinting we see Frank look over at Archie. This is where we see the use of the cinematographic technique of a subjective camera angle. A subjective camera angle is a shot that represents the point of view of a character, often a reverse angle shot, preceded by a shot of the character as he or she glances off-screen. We then are shown a view of Frank from Archies point of view. This use of a cinematographic technique is used to give the viewer an idea of Archies fearlessness to beat Frank who is his opponent at the time. In a sense this race, and the use of this technique shows Archies innocence as he is dressed in white, whereas Frank is dressed in black, which shows his rebellion. In addition during this race, we see the incorporation of another cinemato graphic technique, by the use of a something called a long shot. A long shot is a shot taken with the camera at a distance from its subject. The long shot is used at first showing Frank, and Archie at different ends of the screen. By the end of the race he shows both of them together in one screen....

The Origins of a Notochord

The Origins of a Notochord A notochord is often described as a primitive backbone. The word notochord comes from the  Greek words  notos  (back) and  chorde  (cord).  It is a rigid, cartilaginous rod that is present at some stage of development in all chordates. Some organisms, like African lungfish, tadpoles, and sturgeon,  retain a post-embryonic notochord.  The notochord is formed during gastrulation (an early phase in the development of most animals) and lies along the axis from the head to the tail. Notochord research has played an important role in scientists understanding the development of animals  central nervous system.   Notochord Structure Notochords provide a rigid, yet flexible structure that enables muscle attachment, which is believed to be advantageous both for individual development and evolution. It is made from a material that is similar to cartilage, the tissue you find at the tip of your nose and a sharks  cartilaginous skeleton. Notochord Development The development of the notochord is known as notogenesis. In some chordates, the notochord is present as a rod of cells that lies beneath and parallel the nerve cord, giving it support. Some animals, like tunicates or sea squirts, have a notochord during their larval stage. In vertebrates, the notochord is typically present only in the embryo stage.

Alegent Health intervention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Alegent Health intervention - Essay Example The assessment was however subjective and this could limit ability to verify information. The subjective scope could also facilitate bias (Cummings and Worley, 2009). One of the ways fo improving the assessment is implementing an experimental design instead of a survey design. This would involve identification of two groups and subjecting one group to the intervention while leaving the other group. The two groups would then the evaluated on their ability to develop and implement innovative strategies and the approach would offer a clear basis for evaluating effectiveness of the decision accelerators. Increasing the level of objectivity through pre-developed scales is another way in which the assessment could be improved and this would ensure validity and reliability (Cummings and Worley, 2009). Even though the subjective approach undermines validity and reliability of generated data and conclusions of the assessment, the in-depth scope of the developed information and the ability of the researchers to verify offered information establish a high level of confidence on the developed lessons for the organization (Cummings and Worley,

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 15

Human Resource Management - Essay Example or recruiting able and established staff is very much there since every organization or company for that matter wants to achieve efficiency and effectiveness when it comes to getting the things done in a quick manner. There are instances when employees have been known to prolong things just because they do not feel to be in the mood to do so. This is a definitive statement on the part of the employees that they were recruited wrongly at the time of their hiring and the organization did indeed make a mistake in choosing such a worker over other options that were available to it all over the world. It has been seen that at times, the top line personnel present in offices delegate jobs and assignments to their sub-ordinates without even thinking that the same might not be the correct manner and mode of action as to go about carrying out the tasks and responsibilities. They think that delegation would prosper a sense of getting more work within the sub-ordinates who themselves are pretty much occupied with their already assigned tasks and jobs. This is hence not the correct manner in which things should be done and hence a need has to be chalked out to ramify the very same problem. The best possible diversity that could be made in this regard is to appoint top line managers who understand the psyche of the people working under him or her or on the same level as his so that he or she can get a grasp as to what employees usually are best suited at and what they do not prefer under certain strenuous conditions in the office place environment. As a consequence, being able to do more work is definitely considered a plus and an added advantage for an employee but this should not, under any level, exceed his or her capabilities and skill sets. He or she must be assigned the amount of work which is proportionate with his or her pay, already set working conditions and more so the skills on the basis of which he or she was selected in the first place. Diversity therefore could

Supermarket and International Segment Essay Example for Free

Supermarket and International Segment Essay Wal-Mart in Brazil is one of the third-largest retailer companies in the world’s fifth-largest country. Wal-Mart Brazil has more than 485 supermarkets, three and Sam’s hypermarkets in different Brazilian states, including Sao Paulo, one of the busiest state in Brazil. Wal-Mart Brazil ranks as the third-largest retailer in the worlds fifth-largest country. Since entering the market in 1995 with just two supercenters and three SAMS CLUB warehouse stores, Wal-Mart Brazil has grown, mainly by acquisition, to number about 485 supermarkets and hypermarkets in more than 15 Brazilian states, including the populous economic center of Sao Paul. Wal-Mart primary product lines are Food, Clothing, Household Appliances, Electronics and Grocery Pets Etc . While brand name merchandise accounts for a majority of sales, numerous store brands not found in the United States have been developed to serve customers in the different markets in which the International segment operates. In addition, steps have been taken to develop relationships with local suppliers in each country to ensure reliable sources of quality merchandise. It operates retail stores in various formats around the world and is committed to saving people money so they can live better. We earn the trust of our customers every day by providing a broad assortment of quality merchandise and services at every day low prices while fostering a culture that rewards and embraces mutual respect, integrity and diversity. The merchandising strategy for the International segment is similar to that of our operations in the United States in terms of the breadth and scope of merchandise offered for sale. While brand name merchandise accounts for a majority of sales, numerous store brands not found in the United States have been developed to serve customers in the different markets in which the International segment operates. In addition, steps have been taken to develop relationships with local suppliers in each country to ensure reliable sources of quality merchandise The International segment competes with a variety of local, national and international chains in the supermarket, discount, department, drug, variety and specialty stores, supercenter-type stores, hypermarts, wholesale clubs, internet-based retailers and catalog businesses in each of the countries in which we operate and, in Mexico, with local, national and international restaurant chains. Our ability to offer our customers low prices on quality merchandise that offers exceptional value in the International segment determines, to a large extent, our competitive position. In our international units, our ability to operate the food departments effectively has a major impact on the segment’s competitive position in the markets where we operate. The main competitor for Wal-Mart in Brazil is Carrefour, a famous French supermarket chain, which entered the Brazilian market in 1974. Today, the chain is responsible for the operation of 39 stores spread over the country, and is fully adapted to Brazilian culture and consumption habits, therefore not being perceived by customers as a foreign company. As a matter of fact, Carrefour is known as the lowest price retailer by people of all social classes. Customers impressed by low prices and extensive product lines, besides special offers, who had to travel several miles to reach the stores, were in for a surprise. In case the products that customers were looking for had been sold out a few moments earlier, there was no provision as to when a new stock would arrive in the store. A badly planned product turnover? The fact is that they were facing an average stockout rate of 40%, while its stockout rate in the U. S. stores is no higher than 5%. Maybe this stockout rate has occurred due to various problems with suppliers, whom Wal-Mart executives expected to be capable of working in a just-in-time delivery environment.

Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown †The Romanticism and Realism Essay

â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† – The Romanticism and Realism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   The reader finds in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† a mix of realism and romanticism, with the former dominating the latter.    Commenting on the presence of romanticism in Hawthorne’s short stories, Morse Peckham in â€Å"The Development of Hawthorne’s Romanticism,† talks about the author’s usage of romantic themes:    In his early short stories and sketches Hawthorne was particularly concerned with three Romantic themes: guilt, alienation, and historicism. These three are so intimately intertwined in his work, as in most Romantics, that it is extremely difficult to separate them. . . .The Romantic historicist used the past for a double, interconnected purpose. On the one hand it was a means for separating oneself from society.. . . .He can be aware of the failure of the institution to fulfill its avowed intentions and its social function. . . . Romantic historicism, therefore, is never an end in itself but a strategy for placing the current social conditions in an ironic perspective. . . .(91-92)       Peter Conn in â€Å"Finding a Voice in an New Nation† comments on the blend of realism and romanticism in Hawthorne†s short stories:    Almost all of Hawthorne’s finest stories are remote in time or place. The glare of contemporary reality immobillized his imagination. . . .Hawthorne, however, despite his disclaimers, had long since discovered in the early history of his own New England the ruins and gloomy wrongs he found congenial. The elusive geography of romance, that lanscape in which imagination and reality could collaborate in acts of transformation, had perhaps disappeared f rom the bustling commercial world. . . but i... ... Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Leavis, Q.D. â€Å"Hawthorne as Poet.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Melville, Herman. â€Å"Hawthorne and His Mosses,† The Literary World August 17, 24, 1850. http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/hahm.html      Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne.† The Norton Anthology: American Literature, edited by Baym et al.   New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1995.    Peckham, Morse. â€Å"The Development of Hawthorne’s Romanticism.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Swisher, Clarice. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.            

A Dinner Menu

Burton Dinner Menu Some of my favorite memories of childhood revolve around dinner time. I have a huge family so once a month everybody tries to get together at my grandfather's house for dinner. Everybody takes turns cooking. I love cooking big meals, so when I turned 16 my mother told me it was my turn to cook for everybody. Of course she helped me out a lot. I had decided to make one of my favorite dishes, Chicken Marsala! In todays world it is so hard for all of use to get together. People have work or school and sports.It's nice that once a month we all take the time to get together. I enjoy every minute of it. I decided to start out the meal with a homemade salad straight from the garden. First I had to pick a bunch of vegetables from my mother's garden to use. The vegetables I decided to use are romaine lettuce, baby tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes, and carrots. I take the heads of lettuce and cut out the big chunky stem pieces. While I was doing that my mom diced the baby tomat oes, radishes, and cucumbers leaving the carrots for me because those are my favorite to cut.After the lettuce is cut and washed I move on to the carrots. I like the small slivers of them so I grab the grater and start on the carrots. A bag later and finally everything is cut and washed. Now comes the really fun part. I toss everything in the bowl and grab the huge spoon and fork meant for tossing the salad. My mom spins the bowl while I toss everything inside. Everything is topped with bacon bits and croutons. That goes into the fridge until everything is done. Now I get to start preparing the actual meal. I walk to the spice cabinet and start grabbing things I will need.I have to bring a basket with me to carry everything because the spice cabinet is in the upstairs kitchen. I toss the flour, olive oil, butter, the Marsala wine, chicken stock, salt and pepper, and dried chives. I walk to the fridge and grab the packages of chicken and the mushrooms. Once I get downstairs I grab a small bowl and mix the salt, pepper, and flour together. I put one teaspoon of oil in a skillet and put it on the stove and let it heat up slowly. I begin coating my chicken halves in the salt, pepper, and flour mixture, shaking off the excess.Once the il is heated I add a tablespoon of butter and start cooking the chicken until each side is golden brown. Usually that takes 3 or 4 minutes per-side. Once it is all cooked I put the chicken it in a pan and place that in the oven so it all stays warm. After that I put another teaspoon of butter in the pan I used to cook the chicken in, and toss the entire package of mushrooms into it. Once those have cooked for a few minutes I add the Marsala wine and chicken stock. I let that simmer for a bit so it thickens up a little. Once that is done I place the chicken back in the pan and toss in a pinch of ried chives.I let that cook on low heat for 5 minutes. I then grab out the plates and begin serving dinner. I place the big bowl ot salad in t he middle ot the table and we all take turns putting some on our plates. After dinner is done and cleaned up my mom and I start making the dessert, pumpkin spice cupcakes! I once again head upstairs with my trusty basket to grab all of my ingredients. I grab the flour, cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, cloves, salt, baking powder, baking soda, white sugar, brown sugar, eggs, milk, eggs, cream cheese, confectioners' sugar, and vanilla extract.I walk downstairs trying to avoid the kids that keep running up and down the steps. I preheat the oven to 375 degrees and grease the cupcake tins. I sift together the flour, cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger, clove allspice, salt, baking powder, and baking soda and set it all aside. Next I Beat 1/2 cup of the butter, white sugar, and brown sugar with an electric mixer in a large bowl until it is all mixed together. I then add the eggs one at a time until they are all mixed in. After the last egg is added I stir in the milk and pumpkin puree.Slowly, I add ombine the dry mixture until everything is mixed together nicely. Finally the oven is preheated and I start scooping the cupcake mixture into the wrappers then into the tin. After 18 minutes they come out of the oven and are perfect! I set them all on a cooling rack and start on the cream cheese frosting. I beat the cream cheese and butter together while adding small amounts of confectioners' sugar until everything is mixed together and smooth. Then I add in the vanilla extract and one teaspoon of cinnamon. I transfer the frosting into a piping bag and decorate the cupcakes.Everybody rushes downstairs to get them while they are still warm. They smell amazing and taste even better. After everything was served and cleaned up we all sat down to relax and listen to my grandfather tell stories of his life growing up. Many of them we have all heard before, but none the less we sit and listen with intent. That one night a month is a day all of us look forward too. Family has always been important to all of us. These moments we all gather around the table to eat a home cooked meal, tell stories, and laugh are memories that I have and will always cherish.

Homo economicus in Robinson Crusoe Essay

Daniel Defoe’ Robinson Crusoe takes an important place in the history of the English novel, because it was the first time that a continuous prose narrative had been written with the specific aim of creating the illusion of day-to-day living. Robinson Crusoe is very much a product of his age, the individualistic-minded eighteenth century.   The Economic Individualism in Robison Crusoe illustrates the attitudes of a eighteenth century British citizen. Daniel Defoe presents Robison Crusoe as a merchant of the eighteenth century who was going to his Brazilian plantations, when his ship was wrecked and he was the only survivor in an island that he called â€Å"the island of Despair†. Crusoe faced innumerable difficulties. For fifteen years he struggles alone to build a comfortable house, to grow crops and raise goats, to make clothes and tools, and, most difficult of all, to fight off loneliness and despair. We can notice that Defoe concentrates on Crusoe struggles with pr actical problems. Robison Crusoe is an illustration ofhomo economicus, that is, economic man that symbolizes the new outlook of individualism in its economic aspect. All Defoe’s heroes pursue money, and we can see this very clearly in Robinson Crusoe – the story begins Robinson Crusoe going to his Brazilian plantation, however his ship was wrecked and he was the only survivor in an island. And in this island, he regards the island primarily as a property to be developed for his own use. Moreover, we observe that the eighteenth century influenced Robinson Crusoe. He was a practical man. Likewise, we notice that he did not want to adapt himself to the wild environment. He tried to adapt the environment reproducing everything according to his society, in other words, he was influenced by the social and economic organization of the place that he used to live. When Robinson Crusoe started to look for a place in the island, in order to build a house, we can realize that he wanted to represent his life in England in the island. As the time passed by, Crusoe began to set his routine, that is, he organized himself and established time to sle ep, to work, to eat, and every else. This attitude shows that the average individual economic life under division of labor as interesting of inspiring. The elements of the individualism, showing in Robinson Crusoe, Defoe represents exactly the kind of attitudes, which were eventually to make Britain the richest country in the world and lead it to establish a vast empire, and illustrates the attitudes of a eighteenth century British citizen.

Free Essays on Arab-Israeli Conflict

The Arab Israeli Conflict Background The Ottoman Empire controlled the land called â€Å"Palestine† from about 1516 to 1917. The land was not populated until about 1880 when the first Zionists arrived. Zionism is a term that in its broadest and early sense meant simply the "return" of Jews to their ancestral homeland. That homeland was called Zion (or Israel) and its heart was Jerusalem, known as the "City of Zion." Early Zionists were simply nonpolitical, religious Jews who thought they could best practice their faith in the Land of Zion. After WWI, at the Paris Peace Conference, it was agreed that Palestine would become a League of Nations Mandate, entrusted in Great Britain. Britain main order of business was to implement the Balfour Declaration, which simply declared a national home for the Jewish people. Territorial restrictions weren’t place on the Jewish homeland, though. Then in July 1922 the British divided the â€Å"Holy Land† into two districts. The land that was given to the Jews, west of the Jordan River, was only about 22% of Palestine. They didn’t even receive a quarter of the land they were promised. Mandate passports went along with this division. In 1946, Britain partitioned Palestine and gave the TransJordan, the east side of the Jordan River, it’s independence. This created a Palestine-Arab state. In 1947 the UN passed a partition on 2/3 majority that created western Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state; 75% of the land given to the Jews was desert. The Arab’s rejected the partition, and General Azzam Pasha declared â€Å"Jihad,† a holy war against the Jews. Fighting and attacking quickly became common. Fedayeen raids, which were Arab terrorists systematic attacking the Israeli population, began in 1948 and continued to 1956. The six-day war began on June 5th 1967. This war started when the Israeli declared war on Egypt, wanting Jordan to stay out of it. Jordan refused and began at... Free Essays on Arab-Israeli Conflict Free Essays on Arab-Israeli Conflict The Arab Israeli Conflict Background The Ottoman Empire controlled the land called â€Å"Palestine† from about 1516 to 1917. The land was not populated until about 1880 when the first Zionists arrived. Zionism is a term that in its broadest and early sense meant simply the "return" of Jews to their ancestral homeland. That homeland was called Zion (or Israel) and its heart was Jerusalem, known as the "City of Zion." Early Zionists were simply nonpolitical, religious Jews who thought they could best practice their faith in the Land of Zion. After WWI, at the Paris Peace Conference, it was agreed that Palestine would become a League of Nations Mandate, entrusted in Great Britain. Britain main order of business was to implement the Balfour Declaration, which simply declared a national home for the Jewish people. Territorial restrictions weren’t place on the Jewish homeland, though. Then in July 1922 the British divided the â€Å"Holy Land† into two districts. The land that was given to the Jews, west of the Jordan River, was only about 22% of Palestine. They didn’t even receive a quarter of the land they were promised. Mandate passports went along with this division. In 1946, Britain partitioned Palestine and gave the TransJordan, the east side of the Jordan River, it’s independence. This created a Palestine-Arab state. In 1947 the UN passed a partition on 2/3 majority that created western Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state; 75% of the land given to the Jews was desert. The Arab’s rejected the partition, and General Azzam Pasha declared â€Å"Jihad,† a holy war against the Jews. Fighting and attacking quickly became common. Fedayeen raids, which were Arab terrorists systematic attacking the Israeli population, began in 1948 and continued to 1956. The six-day war began on June 5th 1967. This war started when the Israeli declared war on Egypt, wanting Jordan to stay out of it. Jordan refused and began at...

Principal Components and Factor Analysis

Principal Components and Factor Analysis Principal components analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA) are statistical techniques used for data reduction or structure detection. These two methods are applied to a single set of variables when the researcher is interested in discovering which variables in the set form coherent subsets that are relatively independent of one another. Variables that are correlated with one another but are largely independent of other sets of variables are combined into factors. These factors allow you to condense the number of variables in your analysis by combining several variables into one factor. The specific goals of PCA or FA are to summarize patterns of correlations among observed variables, to reduce a large number of observed variables to a smaller number of factors, to provide a regression equation for an underlying process by using observed variables, or to test a theory about the nature of underlying processes. Example Say, for example, a researcher is interested in studying the characteristics of graduate students. The researcher surveys a large sample of graduate students on personality characteristics such as motivation, intellectual ability, scholastic history, family history, health, physical characteristics, etc. Each of these areas is measured with several variables. The variables are then entered into the analysis individually and correlations among them are studied. The analysis reveals patterns of correlation among the variables that are thought to reflect the underlying processes affecting the behaviors of the graduate students. For example, several variables from the intellectual ability measures combine with some variables from the scholastic history measures to form a factor measuring intelligence. Similarly, variables from the personality measures may combine with some variables from the motivation and scholastic history measures to form a factor measuring the degree to which a stude nt prefers to work independently – an independence factor. Steps of Principal Components Analysis and Factor Analysis Steps in principal components analysis and factor analysis include: Select and measure a set of variables.Prepare the correlation matrix to perform either PCA or FA.Extract a set of factors from the correlation matrix.Determine the number of factors.If necessary, rotate the factors to increase interpretability.Interpret the results.Verify the factor structure by establishing the construct validity of the factors. Difference Between Principal Components Analysis and Factor Analysis Principal Components Analysis and Factor Analysis are similar because both procedures are used to simplify the structure of a set of variables. However, the analyses differ in several important ways: In PCA, the components are calculated as linear combinations of the original variables. In FA, the original variables are defined as linear combinations of the factors.In PCA, the goal is to account for as much of the total variance in the variables as possible. The objective in FA is to explain the covariances or correlations among the variables.PCA is used to reduce the data into a smaller number of components. FA is used to understand what constructs underlie the data. Problems with Principal Components Analysis and Factor Analysis One problem with PCA and FA is that there is no criterion variable against which to test the solution. In other statistical techniques such as discriminant function analysis, logistic regression, profile analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance, the solution is judged by how well it predicts group membership. In PCA and FA, there is no external criterion such as group membership against which to test the solution. The second problem of PCA and FA is that, after extraction, there is an infinite number of rotations available, all accounting for the same amount of variance in the original data, but with the factor defined slightly different. The final choice is left to the researcher based on their assessment of its interpretability and scientific utility. Researchers often differ in opinion on which choice is the best. A third problem is that FA is frequently used to â€Å"save† poorly conceived research. If no other statistical procedure is appropriate or applicable, the data can at least be factor analyzed. This leaves many to believe that the various forms of FA are associated with sloppy research.

Advances in accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advances in accounting - Essay Example This research seeks to determine the relevance of OBA in an environment with high competition and the lack of cooperation between the suppliers and consumers. Most companies after exploiting most of the cost reduction methods have resorted to forming supply chains to be competitive in the market. With this, OBA was found to be necessary for reducing cost and thus raised productivity. For OBA to be successful, it requires cooperation and mutual trust between the suppliers and consumers. The researchers have noted that most companies are not willing to share important information with the buyers. This paper is important since it seeks to address the importance and challenges facing the application of OBA technique in inter-organizational cost management. Despite the challenging circumstances under which OBA is applied, the paper addresses how it can be used for the good of the parties involved and also give recommendations on how to counter the challenges involved. The paper is interesting since it involves interacting with people in the real market situation, and the findings thereof are a true reflection of what is happening in the field. The key reference literatures for this research are vi. Sharing Sensitive Information in Supply Relationships: The Flaws in One-way Open-book Negotiation and the Need for Transparency, European Management Journal by Lamming, Richard, Nigel D. Caldwell, Wendy E. Phillips, and Deborah A. Harrison (2005) The above books describe the relevance of OBA to cost reduction and the conditions for the success of the tool to cost management in IOCM. These books seek to describe the challenges facing the implementation of OBA in inter-organization cost management. The research method chosen for the study is interview. This involved interviewing purchasing experts in the first and second phases and afterward interviewed sales experts. These interviews were done using questionnaires, whereby the questionnaires were sent to

Tool mark Examination Physical Criminalistics Lab Report

Tool mark Examination Physical Criminalistics - Lab Report Example Tools can include the usual instruments such as screwdrivers, drill bits, hummer, pry bars and punch or other substances such as rocks. Different tools will create different impressions or marks but each tool creates an impression that is unique to itself. Tools and their impressions are largely defined by the manufacturing process that was used in production and thus lab scientists should be familiar with the various manufacturing processes including casting, forging, extrusion, machining and others. Also certain manufacturing process produce marks that change with time due to wearing of the cutting tool when in contact with the work piece (Monturo, 2010, p 8). Ductile materials may also develop built up edges during machining when the material cold welds onto the tool cutting edge due to high pressures resulting from the process. As more pressure is applied, the built up edge breaks off and the new material replaces the edge and thus the change in the cutting surface is used to examine the manufactured tools and their marks. The main types of marks that are created by different tools including impressed marks such as hammer strikes and striated marks such as the marks made when a screwdriver slides over a soft surface (Association of Firearms and Tool Mark Examiners, 2007).The toolmarks are further classified according to their class and subclass properties. Tools also have individual characteristics including random imperfections resulting from the manufacturing process, corrosion or damage (Association of Firearms and Tool Mark Examiners, 2007). Class characteristic features are defined before the manufacture of the tool and include its shape and size and the type of impression that is imparted by the tool including shearing, slicing, compression and crimping (Association of Firearms and Tool Mark Examiners, 2007, p 8). Subclass properties are in most situations confused with the individual characteristics. They are the

Social and Environmental Accounting Research Paper

Social and Environmental Accounting - Research Paper Example This report states, Western Australia has implemented a water minimization program in 1997 and its implementation led to the reduction of usage of water, saved the company thousands of dollars and reduced their level of reliance on the water that is supplied by the municipal council. The objective of implementing this program was to optimize the water supply and also reduce the rate of consumption of poor quality drinking water that could be a health hazard to the residents of the area and minimize the flow of untreated waste water that was being discharged to the environment (BP, 2006). BP refinery processes over 138 barrels of oil per day .The refinery equipments and machinery ensures that the raw materials are processed into complete finished products. The management of the company found it worthwhile to be conservative after becoming more water conscious and water efficient. BP implemented various strategies that were aimed at improving the rate of performance within the organization. The strategy includes; delivery of water that is of high quality for consumption, minimizing on the cost of running the operations of the organization and maximizes the profits of the organization. It also minimizes the potential environmental risks from water that is being dis charged from the environment (Bp, 2006). The managemenThe management of the BP Company published the sustainable report 2007, addressed issues that are related to the observance and recognisition of the audience as important persons within the community. It also states that the major stakeholders' role within the community involves meeting the needs and wants of the customers within the stipulated period of time. The major stakeholders include academicians, investors and other non-governmental organizations (Appendix 1, Bp, 2007, cover page). BP sustainability refers to the capacity to endure and meet the needs of the people through renewing their assets, creating and delivering different kinds of products and services that can meet the needs of the people within a given period of time. It also refers to the process of ensuring that the rights of people are respected and observed in order to enable them carry out the tasks that have been assigned to them and also ensure that the operations and activities carried are undertaken in the appropriate manner. Moreover, Bp also ensures that the mutual trust and support that is bestowed on the customers, shareholders and the communities is maintained so that the activities of the company can continue into the foreseeable future (Burke, 1999). In similarity to BP water minimization program, Thames report was prepared and aimed at identifying the cause and solutions of flooding observed in Bowmonts Road. This report states the impact of the proposed development in River Tadley that would have been undertaken on the network. Besides that, is also intended to identify the options that can alleviate foul flooding in the region and also to provide the cost estimates for options

Database Design And Development For Petcare Veterinary Computer Science Essay

Database Design And Development For Petcare Veterinary Computer Science Essay Draw an Entity Relationship Data Model that describes the content and structure of data held by PetCare. Specify the cardinality ratio and participation constraint of each relationship type. Database Development Process The process is divided into four main stages: requirements elicitation, conceptual modeling, logical modeling and physical modelling. The techniques used in the development process naturally divide into three categories: those concerned modelling, those concerned with logical modelling and those concerned with physical modelling. Figure 1 the database development process Requirements Elicitation Requirements elicitation involves establishing the key technical requirements for a database system usually through formal and informal interaction between developers and organizational stakeholders such as users. It provides the structure of data needed and the use of the data in some information system context. Stakeholder identification and participation One of the first things that must be done in any information systems project is to identify the relevant stakeholders. A stakeholders group is any social group within and without the organization that potentially may influence the successful use and impact of the database system. Veterinary doctor Use the database to for managing treatment information of pet Staff keep track of animal and appointment Regulators National and regional government may need to audit the database Requirements Elicitation and requirements specification Requirements elicitation is the precursor to requirements specification. In terms of a system to manage Petcare, the following is a list of proposed requirements for system: The database should be capable of supporting the following transaction: Create and maintain records recording the details of Petcare Pets clinics and the members of staff at each clinic. Create and maintain records recording the details of pet owners. Create and maintain the details of pets. Create and maintain records recording the details of the types of treatments for pets. Create and maintain records recording the details of examinations and treatments given to pets. Create and maintain records recording the details of invoices to pet owners for treatment to their pets. Create and maintain pet owner/pet appointments at each clinic. Data requirements PetCare veterinary surgery Petcare has six medium sized veterinary surgery clinics across London. The details of each clinic include address of branch, telephone number, opening hours and emergency contact telephone number. Assuming that each clinic has a number of staff for example vets, nurses, secretaries and cleaners. Staff The details stored on each member of staff include the staff name, address, home telephone number and mobile telephone number. Pet owners When a pet owner first contacts a clinic of Petcare the details of the pet owner are recorded, which include name, address, home telephone number and mobile telephone number. Pets The details of the pet requiring treatment are noted, which include a put number, type of pet, age and sex. Examinations When a sick pet is brought to a clinic, the vet on duty examines the pet. The details of each examination are recorded and include an examination number, the date and time of the examination, the name of the vet, the pet number, pet name, and type of pet, and a full description of the outcome of the examination results. Petcare provides various treatments for all types of pets. The details of each treatment include a treatment number, full description of the treatment, and the cost to the pet owner. Based on the result of the examination of a sick pet, the vet may propose one or more types of treatment. For each types of treatment, the information recorded includes the examination number and date. Invoices The pet owner is responsible for the cost of the treatment given to a pet. The owner is invoiced for the treatment arising from each examination, and the details recorded on the invoice include the invoice number, invoice date, owner number, owner name and full address, put number, put name, and details of the treatment given. The invoice provides the cost for each type of treatment and total cost of all treatments given to the pet. Additional data is also recorded on the payment for example cash, credit card or check. Appointments If the pet requires to be seen by the vet at later date, the owner and pet are given an appointment. The details of an appointment are recorded and include an appointment number, owner name, date and time. Using the logical database design methodology Entity-Relationship modeling is a top-down approach to database design. We begin ER modeling by identifying the important data (called entities) and relationships between the data that must be represented in the model. We then add more details such as the information we want to hold about the entities and relationships (called attributes) and any constraints on the entities, relationships, and attributes. Identify entities Identify entities A set of objects with the same properties, which are identified by a user or organization as having an independent existence The first step in logical database design is to identify entity that you have to represent in the database. Entity name Description Occurrence Clinic Veterinary clinics One or more Petcare clinics located throughout London Staff General term describing all staff employed by Petcare Each member of staff works at a particular clinic PetOwner Owners of pets taken to Petcare Owner takes his/her pet to a particular clinic Pet Sick animal seek treatment to the clinic One or more animal are taken to the clinic Examination Treatment Invoice Appointment PetTreatment Attributes The particular properties of entities are called attributes. Attributes represent what we want to know about entities. Single-Valued attributes The majority of attributes are single-valued for a particular entity. For example, each occurrence of the Staff entity has a single value for the staffNo attribute (for example,001), and therefore the staffNo attribute is referred to as being single-valued. Derived attributes An attributes that represents a value that is derivable from the value of a related attributes, or set of attributes, no necessarily in the same entity. Some attributes may be related for a particular entity. For example, the age of a pet is derivable form the date of birth (DOB) attribute, and therefore the age and DOB attributes are related. We refer the age attributes as a derived attributes, the value of which is derived from the DOB attribute. Age is not normally stored in a database because it would have to be updated regularly. On the other hand, as date of birth never changes and age can be derived from date of , date of birth is stored instead, and age is derived from DOB attribute, when needed. Identify relationships Having identifies the entities; next step is to identify all the relationships that exist between these entities. A relationship is a set of associations between participating entities. As with entities, each association should be uniquely identifiable within the set. A uniquely identifiable associations is called a relationships occurrence Clinic Relationships Entity Relationship Entity Clinic Has Veterinary Registers Pet Schedules Appointment IsContactedBy PetOwner Veterinary Relationships Entity Relationship Entity Veterinary Performs Examination Pet Owner Relationships Entity Relationship Entity PetOwner Owns Pet Pays Invoice Attends Appointment Pet Relationships Entity Relationship Entity Pet Undergoes Examination Attends Appointment Cardinality Ratio of PetCare database Cardinality or degree concerns the number of instances involved in a relationship. A relationship can be said to be either a 1:1 (one-to-one) relationship, a 1: M (one-to-many) relationship, or an M: N (many-to-many) relationship. Final Clinic relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity Clinic 1..1 Has 1..M Staff 1..M Registers 1..M Pet 1..1 Schedules 1†¦M Appointment 1..1 IsContactedBy 1..M PetOwner Final Veterinary Relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity Veterinary 1..1 Performs 1..M Examination Final Pet Owner Relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity PetOwner 1..1 Owns 1..M Pet 1..1 Pays 1..M Invoice 1..1 Attends 1..M Appointment Final Pet Relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity Pet 1..1 Undergoes 1..M Examination 1..1 Attends 1..M Appointment First draft Entity Relationship Data Model Second draft Entity Relationship Data Model Final Entity Relationship Data Model Task 2 Normalization Normalization is a technique for producing a set of table with desirable properties that support the requirements of a user or company. There are several normal forms, although the most ones are called first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF). All these normal forms are based on rules about relationships among the columns of a table. First normal forms (1NF) Only first normal form (1NF) is critical in creating appropriate tables for relational databases. All the subsequence normal forms are optional. A table in which the intersection of every column and record contains only one value Clinic (clinicNo, address, city, state, zipcode, telNo, faxNo, opeingHour) Primary Key clinicNo Alternate Key zipCode Alternate Key telNo Alternate Key faxNo Alternate Key opeingHour clinicNo address telNo openingHour C001 Enfield 503-555-3618, 503-555-2727, 503-555-6534 9.00-21-00 C002 Islington 206-555-6756, 206-555-8836 9.00-21-00 C003 Hackney 212-371-3000 9.00-21-00 C004 Holloway 206-555-3131, 206-555-4112 9.00-21-00 C005 Chingford 8502333 9.00-21-00 C006 Leyton 4650000 9.00-21-00This version of the Clinic table is not in 1NF More than one value, so not in 1NF Converting to 1NF To convert this version of the Clinic table to 1NF, we create separate table called ClinicTelephone to hold the telephone number of clinics, by removing the tellNo column from the Clinic table along with a copy of the primary key of the Clinic table. The primary key for the new ClinicTelephone table is now the telNo column. The Clinic and ClinicTelephone table are in 1 NF as there is a single value at the intersection of every column with every record for each table Clinic (Not 1NF) clinicNo address telNo openingHour C001 Enfield 503-555-3618, 503-555-2727, 503-555-6534 9.00-21-00 C002 Islington 206-555-6756, 206-555-8836 9.00-21-00 C003 Hackney 212-371-3000 9.00-21-00 C004 Holloway 206-555-3131, 206-555-4112 9.00-21-00 C005 Chingford 8502333 9.00-21-00 C006 Leyton 4650000 9.00-21-00 Remove telNo column and create a new column called telNo in the new table Take copy of clinicNo column to new table to become foreign key ClinicTelephone (1NF) clinicNo telNo C001 503-555-3618 C001 503-555-2727 C001 503-555-6534 C002 206-555-6756 C002 206-555-8836 C003 212-371-3000 C004 206-555-3131 C004 206-555-4112 C005 8502333 C006 4650000 Clinic (1NF) clinicNo address openingHour C001 Enfield 9.00-21-00 C002 Islington 9.00-21-00 C003 Hackney 9.00-21-00 C004 Holloway 9.00-21-00 C005 Chingford 9.00-21-00 C006 Leyton 9.00-21-00 Second normal form (2NF) Second normal form applies only to tables with composite primary keys that are table with a primary key composed of two or more columns. A 1NF table with a single column primary key is automatically in at least 2NF. A table that is not in 2NF may suffer from update anomalies. A table that is already in 1NF and which the values in each non-primary-key column can be worked out from values in all columns that make up the primary key. Third normal form (3NF) Although 2NF table have less redundancy that table in 1 NF, they may still suffer from update anomalies. A table that is already in 1NF and 2NF, and in which the values in all non-primary key columns can be worked out from only the primary key column and no other columns. staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo clinicAddress telNo S001 Tom Adams 25000 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S002 Sally Daniels 35222 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S003 Mary Chin 5200 C002 Islington 206555675 S004 Sally Stern 5000 C002 Islington 206555 S005 Art Peters 45822 C003 Hackney 8502333 S006 Tommy Verciti 65000 C004 Holloway 4650000 Values in clinicNo and clinicAddress columns can be worked out from telNo, so table not in 3NF Values in clinicNo and telNo columns can be worked out from clinicAddress, so table not in 3NF Values in all non-primary-key columns can be worked out from the primary key, staffNo Values in clinicAddress and telNo columns can be worked out from clinicNo, so table not in 3NF staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo clinicAddress telNo StaffClinic (Not 3NF) staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo clinicAddress telNo S001 Tom Adams 25000 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S002 Sally Daniels 35222 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S003 Mary Chin 5200 C002 Islington 206555675 S004 Sally Stern 5000 C002 Islington 206555 S005 Art Peters 45822 C003 Hackney 8502333 S006 Tommy Verciti 65000 C004 Holloway 4650000 Move column to new table Take copy of clinicNo column to new table to become primary key Clinic (3NF) clinicNo clinicAddress telNo C001 Enfield 5035553618 C001 Enfield 5035553618 C002 Islington 206555675 C002 Islington 206555 C003 Hackney 8502333 C004 Holloway 4650000 Staff (3NF) staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo S001 Tom Adams 25000 C001 S002 Sally Daniels 35222 C001 S003 Mary Chin 5200 C002 S004 Sally Stern 5000 C002 S005 Art Peters 45822 C003 S006 Tommy Verciti 65000 C004 Primary key Becomes foreign key Becomes candidate key Becomes primary key Task 3 Using a Database Management System (DBMS) of your choice, set up all the above normalized tables, and populate them with well-designed test data (minimum 5 records per table). Provides printouts of all tables. Reasonable assumption may be made with regard to data Clinic Table create table clinic ( clinicNO int not null primary key, telNo varchar(255), address varchar(255), ) alter table clinic add clinicName varchar (255) alter table clinic add openingHour varchar(255) alter table clinic add eTelNo varchar (255) insert into clinic values (01,2863015,Darwin Avenue,8.00-21.00,2863000,Enfield) insert into clinic values (02,4650001,John David Avenue,8.00-21.00,2868000,Islington) insert into clinic values (03,4278926,King Arthur Avenue,8.00-21.00,2867000,Hackney) insert into clinic values (04,2682365,Paul Mac Avenue,8.00-21.00,2866000,Holloway) insert into clinic values (05,4682685,James Micheal Avenue,8.00-21.00,2865000,Chingford) insert into clinic values (06,2863015,Benaoit Frank Avenue,8.00-21.00,2864000,Leyton) Pet owner create table petowner ( ownerID int not null primary key, oFName varchar (255), oLName varchar (255), clinicNo int foreign key references clinic (clinicNo)) alter table petowner add addres varchar(255) alter table petowner add hTelNo varchar(255) alter table petowner add mTelNo varchar (255) insert into petowner values (01,Marvin,Hemraj,1,Edith Cavel Str,2106584,758956) insert into petowner values (02,Ramjeet,Lavin,2,Avenue Gonin,2564589,7585695) insert into petowner values (03,Arzeena,Bakarkhan,3,Gorgetown Str,2106584,758956) insert into petowner values (04,Chetan,Sing,4,Jackson Road,2458695,7582658) insert into petowner values (05,Hansley,Nowjee,5,15 Ollier Avenue,2565458,7589562) insert into petowner values (06,Sam,Fisher,6,Leess Street,26584585,75895623) Pet Table create table pet ( petNo int not null primary key, type varchar (255), breed varchar (255), sex varchar (255), dob varchar (255) ) alter table pet add clinicNo int foreign key references clinic (clinicNo) alter table pet add ownerid int foreign key references petOwner (ownerid) alter table pet add petName varchar (255) insert into pet values (01,Dog,Terroer,Male,1 Jan 2004,01,01,Wouf) insert into pet values (02,Dog,Poodle,Female,2 Feb 2005,02,02,Snoopy) insert into pet values (03,Cat,Persian,Male,3 March 2006,03,03,Minous) insert into pet values (04,Cat,Siamese,Female,4 April 2007,04,04,Milous) insert into pet values (05,Rabit,Dwarf,male,5 May 2008,05,05,Lapino) insert into pet values (06,Cat,Siamese,Female,4 June 2009,06,06,Lapinas) Examination Table create table examination ( examNo int not null primary key ) alter table examination add veterinaryId int foreign key references veterinary (veterinaryId) alter table examination add petNo int foreign key references pet (petNo) alter table examination add presDrugType varchar (255), presPeriod varchar (255) insert into examination values (1,1,Anti-biotic,15,01) insert into examination values (2,2,Painkiller,14,02) insert into examination values (3,3,Behaviour modification,13,03) insert into examination values (4,4,Ear medication,12,04) insert into examination values (5,5,Skin medication,15,05) insert into examination values (6,6,Painkiller,10,06) Appointment Table create table appointment ( appNo int not null primary key, aDate varchar (255), aTime varchar (255), petNo int foreign key references pet (petNo), ownerID int foreign key references petowner (ownerID), veterinaryId int foreign key references veterinary (veterinaryId) ) alter table appointment add clinicNO int foreign key references clinic (clinicNO) alter table appointment alter column aDate date insert into appointment values (01,2 October 2010,10.00,1,1,1,1) insert into appointment values (02,3 November 2009,10.35,2,2,2,2) insert into appointment values (03,4 December 2009,13.00,3,3,3,3) insert into appointment values (04,5 January 2010,15.00,4,4,4,4) insert into appointment values (05,6 Feb 2010,18.00,5,5,5,5) insert into appointment values (06,7 March 2010,9.00,6,6,6,6) Invoice Table create table invoice ( invoiceNo int not null primary key, ownerid int foreign key references petowner (ownerid), amt int ) alter table invoice add examNo int foreign key references examination (examNo) insert into invoice values (01,01,500,1) insert into invoice values (02,02,2000,2) insert into invoice values (03,03,400,3) insert into invoice values (04,04,300,4) insert into invoice values (05,05,1500,5) insert into invoice values (06,06,750,6) Veterinary Table create table veterinary ( veterinaryId int not null primary key, name varchar (255), Address varchar(255), hTelNo varchar(255), mTelNo varchar(255), clinicBranch varchar (255), specialise varchar(255) ) select * from veterinary alter table veterinary add spspecialise varchar(255) alter table veterinary drop column clinicBranch alter table veterinary add clinicNo int foreign key references clinic (clinicNo) insert into veterinary values (01,Jean,High Street Way 43,6358264,7595865,1,dog) insert into veterinary values (02,Robbin,Lower Downtown 2,6582354,7362548,2,cat) insert into veterinary values (03,Ricky,Market Ville Road,4582356,7586523,3,rabit) insert into veterinary values (04,Rowan,Little China Road2,4582653,7263158,4,dog) insert into veterinary values (05,Laksh,Havana Roadway,8596564,7236458,5,rabit) insert into veterinary values (06,Hans,Talipos Road,4625687,7859584,6,cat) Task 4 Set-up and test all of the following queries using Structured Query Language (SQL). Provide printouts of SQL code for each query and the output produced when you run the query in the database you have developed. Query Question 1 Display the names and address of the branches of Petcare and the name of all veterinary doctors working at each of the branches. Any specialism (s) of the veterinary doctors should also show. Using SQL Code SELECT clinic.clinicName AS [Branches Name], clinic.address AS [Branches Address], veterinary.name AS [Veterinary Doctor Name], veterinary.specialise AS [Veterinary Specialism] FROM clinic INNER JOIN veterinary ON clinic.clinicNO = veterinary.clinicNo The Result Using Query Designer The Result Query Question 2 Display all the appointments for the whole of the Petcare organization. This should be ordered by date. The result should display the branch the appointment is at, the name of the veterinary doctor the appointment is with, the date and time of the appointment, the name of the animal the appointment is for, the type of animal and the breed of the animal. Using SQL code SELECT clinic.clinicName AS [Branches Name], veterinary.name AS [Veterinary Doctor Name], appointment.aDate AS [Appointment Date], appointment.aTime AS [Appointment Time], pet.petName AS [Pet Name], pet.type AS [Pet Type], pet.breed AS [Pet Breed] FROM appointment INNER JOIN clinic ON appointment.clinicNO = clinic.clinicNO INNER JOIN veterinary ON appointment.veterinaryId = veterinary.veterinaryId AND clinic.clinicNO = veterinary.clinicNo INNER JOIN pet ON appointment.petNo = pet.petNo AND clinic.clinicNO = pet.clinicNo ORDER BY [Appointment Date] The Result Using Query Designer The Result Task 5 Explain any assumptions you have made when analyzing, designing and implementing the above database, justify the approach you have taken and explain any alternative approaches you could have taken to any of the above tasks. Discuss any changes you would make to improve your work. Determine candidate, primary and alternate key attributes This step is concerned with identifying the candidate key for an entity and then selecting one to be the primary key. In the process of identifying primary keys, note whether an entity is strong or weak. In trying to identify candidate keys, I observe that the clinic number for the Clinic entity, the veterinary number for the veterinary entity, the invoice number for the Invoice entity are unique for the entire practice. On the other hand, the owner number for the PetOwner entity, the pet number for the Pet entity, are only unique for a particular clinic. Its not uncommon for a company to give different offices a degree of local autonomy. However, in a centralized database system its sometimes more appropriate to have uniqueness throughout the company. In discussion with the PetCare management, its agreed that all numbers should be allocated across the entire practice, as opposed to each branches. If this had not been the decision, it would have been necessary to add the clinic number to those numbers only unique within each clinic to gain uniqueness across the practice. With this in mind, I have now identify the primary keys and foreign key. Check model for redundancy At this point, I have a logical data model for Petcare. However, the data model may contain some redundancy which should be removed. More speci ¬Ã‚ cally, I have to: (1) Re-examine one-to-one (1:1) relationships. (2) Remove redundant relationships. (3) One-to-one (1:1) relationships Redundant relationships There are a number of relationships between PetOwner, Pet, Clinic, and Appointment, and a closer examination is useful to identify any redundant relationships. First of all, note that the PetOwner/Pet entities have mandatory participation in the POAttends/PAttends/Owns relationships, and that a PetOwner may own many pets. Therefore, for any given Appointment we can identify the Owner through the POAttends relationship, but we cannot then identify the Pet through the Owns relationship. However, for any given Appointment, we can identify the Pet through the PAttends relationship and for any given Pet we can identify the PetOwner through the Owns relationship, which suggests that the POAttends relationship is redundant. In a similar way, through the PAttends relationship we can identify the Pet, and through the Registers relationship we can identify the Clinic involved in the Appointment, which suggests the Schedules relationship is also redundant. Note that the IsContactedBy relationship between Clinic and PetOwner also appears to be redundant. However, PetCare notes the details of pet owners when they first make contact and only obtains the details of pets at the first appointment, and so the IsContactedBy relationship is retained. Check business rules Business rules are the constraints that I have impose in order to protect the database from becoming inconsistent. Of the six types of business rules, four were identified in previous steps and documented in the above. I consider the remaining two here: referential integrity and other business rules. Referential integrity There are two issues to consider here: (1) Identify whether nulls are allowed for the foreign key. In general, if the participation of the child table in the relationship is mandatory, then the strategy is tha

david souter :: essays research papers

Birth, Residence, and Family Born September 17, 1939 in Melrose, Massachusetts, son of Joseph Alexander and Helen Adams Hackett Souter. Education Harvard College, A.B. 1961, Phi Beta Kappa, selected Rhodes Scholar; Magdalen College, Oxford, 1963, A.B. in Jurisprudence 1989, M.A. 1989; Harvard Law School, LL.B. 1966. Law Practice Associate, Orr and Reno, Concord, NH, 1966-1968. Government Service Assistant Attorney General of New Hampshire, 1968-1971; Deputy Attorney General of New Hampshire, 1971-1976; Attorney General of New Hampshire, 1976-1978. Judicial Offices Associate Justice, New Hampshire Superior Court, 1978-1983; Associate Justice, New Hampshire Supreme Court, 1983-1990; Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, 1990; Associate Justice, Supreme Court of the United States, 1990. Other Assignments Maine-New Hampshire Interstate Boundary Commission, 1971-1975; New Hampshire Police Standards and Training Council, 1976-1978; New Hampshire Governor's Commission on Crime and Delinquency, 1976-1978, 1979-1983; New Hampshire Judicial Council, 1976-1978. Civic Activities Trustee, Concord Hospital, Concord, New Hampshire, 1972-1985, President 1978-1984; Trustee, New Hampshire Historical Society, 1976-1985; Vice President, 1970-1985, Overseer, Dartmouth Medical School, 1981-1987. Affiliations with Professional Organizations and Academic Institutions Merrimack County Bar Association; New Hampshire Bar Association; American Bar Association; Honorary Fellow, American Bar Foundation; National Association of Attorneys General; Honorary Fellow, American College of Trial Lawyers; Honorary Master of the Bench, Gray's Inn, London; Honorary Fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford; Associate, Lowell House, Harvard College. David H. Souter was born in Melrose, Massachusetts, on September 17, 1939. He graduated from Harvard University in 1961. The following year he studied at Magdalen College in Oxford, England, as a Rhodes Scholar. He graduated from Harvard Law School in 1966. Souter was admitted to the bar and joined a law firm in Concord, New Hampshire. In 1968, he became an Assistant Attorney General of New Hampshire. In 1971, Souter became Deputy Attorney General and in 1976 Attorney General of the State of New Hampshire. During these years Souter also served on the New Hampshire Governor's Commission on Crime and Delinquency, the New Hampshire Judicial Council, the Maine-New Hampshire Interstate Boundary Commission, and the New Hampshire Policy Standards and Training Council.

Minor characters in “To Kill a Mockingbird” Essay

Harper Lee uses minor characters in a variety of different ways to help explore and expose some of the main concerns brought up in the book, ranging from strict town morals, justice, all the way to racism and death due to racism. I have chosen to outline some of the ways in which Harper Lee uses three minor characters, Mayella Ewell, Heck Tate and Dolfus Raymond, to help emphasise and explore some of the major concerns in the book. Mayella Ewell is the first minor character I shall discuss; a beacon of racial prejudice and the injustice of the courthouses. She is considered to be trash along with the rest of the Ewell’s; despite the fact that she is one of the few Ewell’s who can read and write. As well as being literate she tries her best to make that most of what she’s got, â€Å"the quote about the flowers she keeps†. Despite her decency compared to the others in her family Mayella still only cares for her own wellbeing. When she forces herself upon Tom Robinson, in a last ditch attempt to feel some affection from a man, she is soon to realise the error of her ways. As Atticus says, â€Å"She has committed no crime, she has merely broken a rigid and time honoured code of our society† by going after a black man she has broken ‘the rules’ of Maycomb and thus she tries to hide the truth by abusing Maycomb’s harsh structure of injustice and racism. She is white and Tom is black meaning the court case, as she well knows, can only have one outcome. She would rather sentence a man to death for something she had done to him, â€Å"She reached up and kissed me ‘side of th’ face. She said she never kissed a grown man before an’s she might as well kiss a nigger.† than tell the court and the towns folk that she had come onto a black man. Harper Lee uses Mayella and her made up story to show the racism of the  justice system, she shows that simply by lying and having someone to lie with you when the case is white words against black the white will win. Despite Mayella’s story falling apart under cross-examination Tom’s version of what happened isn’t taken note of, as he is black. Also in this case, we have the testimonial of the local sheriff Heck Tate; he too is a tool of great injustice for the blacks. In his testimony we read that he was called by Bob Ewell and told that â€Å"some nigger’d raped his girl† upon arrival he found Mayella and asked who had done it – Tom Robinson. A black man accused by a white woman, Heck went and rounded him up instantly to be identified by Mayella. No questioning, no looking for evidence or any kind of service a white man could expect, Heck presumes that he is black and therefore must have committed some kind of crime. However, despite Heck’s injustice towards the black population of Maycomb he does fulfil his duties to the white. After Boo stabs Bob to save Atticus’ children Heck decides that for the greater good nothing should be said and the incident should be considered an accidental suicide. Heck shields the town from the truth and allows Boo to go back to his normal life – after all he had done the town a favour. Another man who shields the town from the truth, but about a very different subject is Dolphus Raymond, a presumed evil alcoholic who spends most of his time with the black townsfolk. â€Å"Come round here, son, I got something that’ll settle your stomach.† Is the invitation given by Dolphus to Dill outside the courthouse. He offers Dill his brown paper bag with straws in and tells the boy to take a good sip. Scout says † Dill, you watch out, now† as she, like the rest of the town believes that Dolphus is always sipping from a bottle of gin within his bag. He pretends to be drinking all day as â€Å"it’s mighty helpful to folks.† He is forced to pretend to be drinking all day and to be messed up in the head to help the prejudice people of Maycomb understand why he would want to spend most of his time with the black people. Only the uncorrupted children are trusted with Mr. Raymond’s deepest secret as he feels that because they  are children they can understand why he pretends to drink and why he has to give the people a reason as to why he spends his time with black people. This helps give an idea of the intolerance in the town. Intolerance towards black people and towards anyone who has contact with black people as a friend, rather than just a slave. Harper Lee uses minor characters traits and beliefs to show the reader some of the issues at hand in the book. Whether it be a girl pretending to have been raped to highlight the levels of injustice and the racial prejudice in the book, or whether its Heck Tait acting under the powerful words of a white person to do wrong to blacks, or his truth shielding to help a white man stay out of prison for a crime he really did commit.

The Things They Carried – Dialogue and Materials

Themes and Dialogue of O’Brien in The Things They Carried War has done many horrible things to many people throughout time all over the world. War experience filled with death, suspense, and constant fear has swept through millions and millions of people who are still scared by the horrific experience. To some so horrific that a normal life, post war, was almost unbearable. But some were able to take the experience and share it to the world.Tim O’Brien is a perfect example of this. O’Brien was born in 1946 in the Midwest, but once of age was drafted into the Vietnam War. O’Brien only served for one year from 1969 to 1970, but nevertheless, the memories gathered in that year lasted him a lifetime. (Herzog) These memories, though some held them in, O’Brien used them to transform his writings to some of the most accurate and touching pieces about war in our generation. They established O’Brien as on of the most important soldier-authors of the V ietnam generation; furthermore, they establish his reputation as one of America’s most notable postmodernist writers – not only for his themes but also for the structure of his books and his exploration from multiple perspectives of problematic nature of truth and reality† (Herzog, 78). O’Brien was a man who had an objective to be original and construct all of his memories to others the best way he could. And the only way to do that was his way.In an interview of O’Brien, Herzog quotes from him â€Å"In this new book [The Things They Carried] I forced myself to try and invent a form. I had never invented form before. † His writings are unique and compared to the normal dialogue of introducing characters; O’Brien takes a different approach and makes his own style. In the book The Things They Carried, O’Brien uses materialistic belongings to show his experiences from a different perspective on war and the people in it without the immediate use of dialogue. O’Brien’s story The Things They Carried is a story of company of men that are in the Vietnam War.These men are normal people, called into duty of war by draft. Though each person is not introduced by age, and what their history was, they way they are introduced is by what they carry in their endless walk through unknown jungles. But though they are introduced by only what their position and what they carry, the personal level of knowing a character is better than ever. The first man introduced is First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross. He is the leader of all the men and whom everyone answers to. But for a man that is the one in charge his mind is everywhere but on the war.He carries letters and two photos from a girl named Martha from home and keeps a pebble in his mouth that she sent him. He is madly in love with her but all of her letters are not love letters from a significant other but just friendly letters. â€Å"They were not love letters, but Lieutenant Cross was hoping, so he kept them folded in plastic at the bottom of his rucksack† (LaPlante, 79). He wants to be focused on the war but his loving thoughts of her haunts him and takes him away from the reality of war he is in. It took him as much as a fellow soldier getting shot in the head before he knew how much a problem he had.The machine gunner was a man by the name of Henry Dobbins. Being the machine gunner he had to carry a twenty-three pound gun unloaded, but it was always loaded, and fifteen pounds worth of ammunition strapped around his chest and shoulders. Personally he was introduced as a big man that carried Black Flag insecticide, and extra food rations. Though not a huge introduction, he can still be known as a person but also with some mystery of who he is. From his belongings, Sanders can be seen as a big man that would be a brute force character in the company, but also a vital part to the company.His responsibility as the machine gunner with all the weight and his importance in battle puts him as a leader and a trusted man that people can rely to. His character and personality as a strong man, who can be there when he is needed, and do whatever needs to be done can be seen alone from O’Brien’s writings without any dialogue needed. Just from his position and his responsibilities his character even personality can be understood and noticed. The RTO or the man who had to carry the radio was named Mitchell Sanders. The radio he had to carry was twenty-six pounds with its battery.He also carries condoms and starched tiger fatigues for special occasions. He is an important man to the crew but he also can be seen as a light guy, more some of the others. He carries condoms even with no need for them at all and Norman Bowker, one of the other soldiers, carries a thumb that Sanders had cut off of a Vietnamese kid only fifteen or sixteen. So Sanders can be seen as not as much of a serious guy but still responsible enough to have the responsibilities of the holding on the their only way of communication.Dave Jensen was introduced with being all about personal hygiene. He carried a toothbrush, dental floss, several bars of soap taken from hotels, three extra pairs of socks, and Dr. Scholl’s foot powder for trench foot, earplugs, and extra sand bags for extra protection at night, and for superstitious reasons a rabbit’s foot. His position in the company is never mentioned but immediately by looking at all of the things he carries, it is seen he carries almost twice as much as anyone else. Through his items his personality of being over cautious stands out.He is not a very big character in the story but because of how O’Brien clearly shows how cautious and scared he is to make him a bigger character. Everyone is important in the company and when O’Brien talks about Jensen, he is referring to a quarter of the soldiers that were in war that were just like him. Though these are just a few to the many he introduces to the reader, all from O’Brien’s different writing style can be experienced and enjoyed more. O’Brien with his writings uses materials of what the soldiers carry to almost control the reader about how to feel about the character, and used this writing style in other books of his.His writing style can take you inside of the different soldiers heart and mind and with the different stories in The Things They Carried other detail are added to the story so nobody can know if his stories are real or true. This gives readers more freedom to have personal opinions. â€Å"The element of perception has to do with uncertainty†¦. The whole stew of variables determines what we perceive and what call real† (Herzog, Interview). O’Brien’s writing style all has a purpose with its creativity.The Things that they carry are not only the materialistic things that the soldiers personally have but it could be anything. à ¢â‚¬Å"Things is framed around the burdens we carry, not just war, not just physical, but spiritual as well† (Herzog, Interview). Just telling a story wasn’t enough; O’Brien wanted the reader to live it, to experience it like he did with his writing style. He wanted to tell you the story but leave mystery, his writing style was an attempt to expand readers mind further than ever before. O’Brien said, â€Å"A good piece of fiction, in my view, does not offer solutions.Good stories deal with our moral struggles, our uncertainties, our dreams, our blunders, our contradictions, our endless quest for understanding. Good stories do not resolve the mysteries of the human spirit but rather descried and expand upon those mysteries† (LaPlante, 587) Sources 1. Herzog, Tobey C. Tim O'Brien. New York, NY: Twayne Publishers, 1997. Print. 2. Egri, Lajos. The art of dramatic writing. Touchstone, 1960. Print. 3. LaPlante, Alice. Method and Madness. W W Norton ; Co In c, 2009. Print. 4. Herzog, Tobey C. Unpublished interview with Tim Obrien. Cambridge, Mass. , 11-12 July 1995